REVIEW ONCOLOGY

Bone complications in cancer patients

Bone complications are frequently observed in cancer patients. They may be the result of the disease or due to the anticancer treatment. Osteoporosis is seen in up to 30% of cancer patients depending on tumor type and treatment and screening for osteoporosis is indicated in selected patients. It should be prevented by the use of calcium and vitamin D and exercising programs and, if present, should be adequately treated by drugs registered for the treatment of osteoporosis. Bone metastases are observed in up to 75% of metastatic cancer patients depending on the tumor type. Skeletal-related complications, occurring in 50–70% in patients with bone metastases, can be prevented and delayed by the use of bisphosphonates or denosumab. Prevention of the development of bone metastases has been shown by anti-tumor treatment while the role of modification of the micro-environment by bisphosphonates and denosumab needs further study.

(BELG J MED ONCOL 2014;8(1):3–8)

Operational Risk Management (ORM): the aviation safety model can be transposed into the medical sector

Summary

Operational Risk Management is one of the most important attributes of High Reliability Organisations in the industrial sector. In this article it is questioned whether the Health Care Sector is a high reliability organisation. The application of safety models, widespread in the industrial sector is absolutely feasible in the medical sector. One should move from a shame-and-blame policy to a just culture. Pro-active search and reporting of unexpected events, incidents and accidents, coupled with root cause analysis and Deming’s principle of continuous plan-do-check-act is the only way to improve system safety and reduce errors. These industrial methodologies have been implemented with success in our radiotherapy department since 2009. From reporting of incidents we were able to move to steering continuous education and process management. Facing the high human and economical societal burden linked to lack of a robust operational risk management in the health care sector, it is an ethical duty for leaders to define new values and behaviours, both defining a new culture!

(BELG J MED ONCOL 2013;7(5):137–41)

Radiation pneumonitis: occurrence, prediction, prevention and treatment

Summary

Radiation pneumonitis is the most important dose-limiting toxicity in the treatment of thoracic malignancies amendable for high-dose radiotherapy such as lung or oesophageal cancer.
Several patient-specific factors (e.g. age, smoking history, pre-existing inflammatory lung disease, tumour location and performance score) as well as treatment-related factors (e.g. radiation dose and volume, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy) have been studied as potential predictors of the risk of radiation pneumonitis. The most robust parameters that correlate with radiation pneumonitis are Dose Volume Histogram-related, such as the mean lung dose, the percentage of a volume receiving a certain dose such as the V20 and more complex models. All of these show a low overall accuracy with an area under the receiver-operator curve of about 0.65, although they might be still clinically useful by virtue of their high negative predictive value.
Besides research in the underlying genetics of radiation pneumonitis, the interaction between radiotherapy and most targeted agents has not been elucidated.
At present, validated Dose Volume Histogram parameters can be used in clinical practice. Drugs administered concurrently with irradiation of the lungs should only be carried out in combinations with proven safety in prospective trials.

(BELG J MED ONCOL 2013;7(4):105–10)

Exchange of data between a Comprehensive Cancer Centre and the Belgian Cancer Registry: a single university institution experience

Summary

The main goals of hospital-based and population-based cancer registries are respectively to contribute to patient care by providing information on cancer patients and to produce statistics on the occurrence of cancer in a defined population in order to assess and monitor the impact of cancer in the community. To achieve these goals the use of complete quality data is essential. Therefore, cooperation between a hospital-based cancer registry (HBCR) and the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR) was set up. A pilot study was conducted to exchange clinical data (date of death) between the HBCR and the BCR. Secondly, we wanted to analyse the completeness and the quality of data delivered by the HBCR to the BCR. For the pilot study, all new patients with a diagnosis of head and neck cancer in 2005 and 2006 were included. For the analysis of the completeness and quality of the data all invasive or in situ cancers with an incidence date of respectively 2005 and 2006 were included. The HBCR could be supplemented with 23 dates of death (42%). Overall, the completeness of the registration was near 100%. Except for the TNM-data of malignant melanoma the quality of the data delivered by the HBCR to the BCR showed a maximal rate of missing data of 1.7% (basis of diagnosis) and a maximal rate of conflicting data of 2.8% (basis of diagnosis combined with specific histology). Cooperation between the HBCR and the BCR gives an added value to both registries. The HBCR could be complemented with data from the BCR. The feedback report can increase the completeness and accuracy of the data of the HBCR because it provides a focus on the quality of the data.

(BELG J MED ONCOL 2013;7(3):74–79)

Imbalance between supply and need of medical oncologists in Belgium

Summary

Medical oncology was officially recognised as a specialty in Belgium in 2007. Only limited information is available as to the optimal number of medical oncologists to cover present and future needs. The objective of this study was to analyse the current and future supply, need and demand of medical oncologists in Belgium.
Two surveys were conducted to analyse the supply and need of medical oncologists, one among medical oncologists and a second among medical hospital directors. The evolution of demand due to demographic changes was forecast for the next two decades. A current shortage of medical oncologists, corresponding to roughly half of the current medical oncology workload, has been estimated and is mostly the result of a recent recognition of the specialty and the consequent reorganisation of hospitals. An increase of 28% in the demand during the next two decades is forecast because of an expanding and largely aging population. A worrisome imbalance between supply and need of medical oncologists in Belgium shows itself and an increased demand is forecast, mainly due to demographic changes. This analysis is only the first step of a more general assessment of the situation needed to identify the challenges of medical oncology as a new specialty and to address the multifaceted issues associated with treating cancer in the future.

(BELG J MED ONCOL 2013;7(2):38–45)

Stratified Medicine: a call for action

(BELG J MED ONCOL 2013;7:15–19)

Highlights in Oncology 2012

Summary

2012 has been a rich year in progress on cancer care. Many studies highlighted this year capitalised on the growing insight into the complexity of cancer to develop sophisticated treatment approaches, including combinations of targeted drugs for difficult-to-treat cancers and expanded use of targeted drugs to multiple forms of cancer sharing the same genetic alteration. This article is based on the clinical cancer advances 2012 article published by the American Society of Clinical Oncology and lists the most important advances made in the different fields of oncology that are most likely to impact daily clinical practice.¹

(BELG J MED ONCOL 2013;7:10–14)